When leukemia relapses after chemotherapy, patients face complex treatment decisions. Understanding the full range of evidence-based options, from salvage regimens to CAR-T cell therapy, helps guide informed choices. Key Takeaways Multiple treatment pathways exist when leukemia returns, including salvage chemotherapy, targeted therapies, CAR-T cell therapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplant Treatment selection depends on relapse timing, genetic mutations (FLT3, IDH1, IDH2),