When leukemia returns after initial chemotherapy, patients and families face urgent questions about next steps. Advanced therapies including CAR-T cell therapy, stem cell transplant, and clinical trials now offer meaningful options for many relapsed cases. Key Takeaways Early relapse (within 12 months) requires intensive salvage approaches like CAR-T cell therapy or allogeneic stem cell transplant, while late relapse may respond to additional chemotherapy cycles. CAR-T cell t